A Comparative Analysis of Neuroprotective Properties of Taxifolin and Its Water-Soluble Form in Ischemia of Cerebral Cortical Cells of the Mouse

Cerebral ischemia, and, as a result, insult, attacks up to 15 million people yearly in the world. In this connection, development of effective preventive programs and methods therapy has become one most urgent problems modern angiology pharmacology. The cytoprotective action taxifolin (TAX) ischemia is well known, but its limitations are also known due poor solubility low capacity pass through hematoencephalic barrier. Molecular mechanisms underlying protective effect TAX complex systems such brain remain poorly understood. It that main cell types neurons, astrocytes, microglia, which regulate activity each other neuroglial interactions. work, comparative study new water-soluble form aqua (aqTAX) was performed on cultured cells under ischemia-like conditions (oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD)) followed by reoxygenation culture medium. concentration dependences effects both forms were determined using fluorescence microscopy, PCR analysis, vitality tests. found began effectively inhibit necrosis late stages apoptosis range 30–100 µg/mL, with aqTAX 10–30 µg/mL. At level gene expression, affected larger number genes than TAX; enhanced basic OGD/R-induced expression encoding ROS-scavenging proteins higher efficiency, anti-inflammatory antiapoptotic proteins; lowered excitatory glutamate receptors. As significantly inhibited OGD-induced increase Ca2+ levels cytosol ([Ca2+]i) neurons astrocytes ischemic conditions. After 40 min preincubation hypoxic conditions, these signals completely inhibited, resulting an almost complete suppression necrotic death cerebral cortical cells, not observed use classical TAX.